SELECT
    COLUMN_NAME,
    DATA_TYPE,
    CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH,
    CHARACTER_OCTET_LENGTH
FROM
    information_schema.COLUMNS
WHERE
    TABLE_NAME = '表名/视图名'

//下面这个没法查询视图结构
SELECT  obj.name ,
        col.name AS column_name ,  
        t.name AS data_type ,  
        col.length AS length 
FROM    dbo.syscolumns col  
        LEFT  JOIN dbo.systypes t ON col.xtype = t.xusertype  
        inner JOIN dbo.sysobjects obj ON col.id = obj.id  
                                         AND obj.xtype = 'U'  
                                         AND obj.status >= 0 
WHERE   obj.name = '表名'
ORDER BY obj.name ;